(PDF)

Human trafficking is a public health issue that impacts individuals, families, & communities. Traffickers disproportionately target at-risk populations including individuals who have experienced or been exposed khổng lồ other forms of violence (child abuse & maltreatment, interpersonal violence & sexual assault, community and gang violence) and individuals disconnected from stable tư vấn networks (runaway và homeless youth, unaccompanied minors, persons displaced during natural disasters).

Bạn đang xem: Fact sheet: human trafficking

Definition of Trafficking in Persons

The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA), as amended (22 U.S.C. § 7102), defines “severe forms of trafficking in persons” as:

Sex trafficking: the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, obtaining, patronizing, or soliciting of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act, in which the commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; (and)

Labor trafficking: the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery.

Human Trafficking versus Human Smuggling

Human traffickinghuman smuggling

Victims are forced, defrauded, or coerced into trafficking. Even if victims initially offer consent, that consent is rendered meaningless by the actions of the traffickers to exploit them for labor, services, or commercial sex.	Individuals consent to lớn being smuggled. The transaction is mutual và ends upon arrival at desired destination.
Human trafficking is a crime committed against an individual.	Smuggling is a crime committed against a country.
Trafficking does not need khổng lồ involve the physical movement of a person. Trafficking victimization can be transnational or domestic.	Smuggling involves the illegal transport of an individual across a national border. Smuggling is always transnational.

How Victims Are Trafficked

Traffickers use force, fraud, or coercion to subject victims to engage in commercial sex or forced labor. Anyone can be a victim of trafficking anywhere, including in the United States.

actionmeans(Does not need khổng lồ be present in a situation of sex trafficking of minors)purpose

Recruiting includes proactive targeting of vulnerability and grooming behaviors Harboring includes isolation, confinement, monitoring Transporting includes movement & arranging travel Providing includes giving to lớn another individual Obtaining includes forcibly taking, exchanging something for ability to control *Soliciting includes offering something of value *Patronizing includes receiving something of value *Only for sex trafficking	Force includes physical restraint, physical harm, sexual assault, và beatings. Monitoring and confinement is often used khổng lồ control victims, especially during early stages of victimization to break down the victim’s resistance. Fraud includes false promises regarding employment, wages, working conditions, love, marriage, or better life. Over time, there may be unexpected changes in work conditions, compensation or debt agreements, or nature of relationship. Coercion includes threats of serious harm khổng lồ or physical restraint against any person, psychological manipulation, document confiscation, và shame & fear-inducing threats to chia sẻ information or pictures with others or report lớn authorities.	Commercial Sex Act is any sex act on account of anything of value given lớn or received by any person. Xem thêm: Những lời chúc quốc tế thiếu nhi cho các bé ý nghĩa nhất, gợi ý hấp dẫn cho ngày tết thiếu nhi 1/6 Involuntary Servitude is any scheme, plan, or pattern intended lớn cause a person lớn believe that, if the person did not enter into or continue in such condition, that person or another person would suffer serious harm or physical restraint; or the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process. Debt Bondage includes a pledge of services by the debtor or someone under debtor’s control khổng lồ pay down known or unknown charges (e.g. Fees for transportation, boarding, food, and other incidentals; interest, fines for missing quotas, và charges for “bad behavior). The length and nature of those services are not respectively limited & defined, where an individual is trapped in a cycle of debt that he or she can never pay down. Peonage is a status or condition of involuntary servitude based on real or alleged indebtedness Slavery is the state of being under the ownership or control of someone where a person is forced lớn work for another.

Help for Victims of Trafficking

Get help, report a tip, find services, và learn more about your options. The National Human Trafficking hỗ trợ tư vấn provides assistance to lớn victims in crisis through safety planning, emotional support, & connections lớn local resources.

These crimes are happening in every corner of the world và can include any person, regardless of age, socio-economic background or location.As a result, each case can look very different. Below are some of the most commonly reported forms of human trafficking & modern slavery.

This is when someone is deceived, coerced or forced to take part in sexual activity. Places where someone could be sexually exploited:

Prostitution
Brothels – massage/sauna
Escort agencies
Pole/lap dancing
Forced marriage
Stripping on a web cam
Phone sex lines
Internet chat rooms
Pornography
Mail order brides
Sex tourism

This refers khổng lồ situations where people are coerced to work for little or no remuneration, often under threat of punishment. There are a number of means through which a person can be coerced, including:

Use of violence or intimidation
Accumulated debt
Retention of identity papers
Threat of exposure khổng lồ immigration authorities

All types of labour, within every industry, are susceptible to lớn labour exploitation. Some common sectors and industries that are identified as vulnerable include:

Manufacturing
Factory work
Hospitality
Construction
Agriculture
Fishing
Car washes
Nail bars

A domestic worker or helper is a person who works within their employer’s home, performing a variety of tasks. This arrangement becomes exploitative when there are restrictions on the domestic worker’s movement, và they are forced khổng lồ work long hours for little pay. They may also suffer physical and sexual abuse.

Domestic servitude can be particularly hard khổng lồ identify as it happens in private households but it is estimated that 16 million people are exploited in the private sector which includes domestic work.

This is when a person is put under pressure lớn marry someone. They may be threatened with physical or sexual violence or placed under emotional or psychological distress to lớn achieve these aims.

Situations where you may find forced marriage used:

To gain access into a country
To gain access khổng lồ benefits

This is when somebody is forced khổng lồ carry out criminal activity through coercion or deception. Forced criminality can take many forms, including:

Drug trade, e.g. Cannabis cultivation, drug distribution
Begging
Pick-pocketing
Bag snatching
ATM theft
Selling of counterfeit goods

We have seen a significant rise in the trafficking of children into forced criminality (sometimes referred to as Child Criminal Exploitation or CCE). The most prevalent form of CCE is related lớn ‘County Lines’ gangs who coerce children into participating in the movement & sale of drugs. Children can be coerced with gifts, money or perceived status, or they can be threatened with violence or blackmailed.

Forced criminality also encompasses social welfare fraud. This takes place when exploiters falsely apply for tax credits và other welfare benefits using the victims’ details. It is not only the state that is the victim of social welfare fraud, there is often horrific abuse used against the individual in order lớn coerce them into falsely applying for benefits.

The trafficking in organs involves removing a part of the body, commonly the kidneys or a lobe of the liver, lớn sell often as an illegal trade. Organs can be taken in a number of ways:

Trade – a victim formally or informally agrees lớn sell an organ, but are then cheated because they are not paid for the organ, or are paid less than the promised price
Ailments – a vulnerable person is treated for an ailment, which may or may not exist, & the organs are removed without the victim’s knowledge
Extortion – a victim may be kidnapped from their family and organs removed without consent

If you would lượt thích to know more about how STOP THE TRAFFIK is responding khổng lồ trafficking and modern slavery please visit our WHAT WE vày section.

If you would lượt thích a specific training for your organisation on any or all of these types of trafficking, please kiểm tra out our Bespoke Training page or thư điện tử .

If you would like to have the most up to lớn date information on changing trends of trafficking please visit our Reports page.

Learn to lớn Spot the Signs

Identifying the signs of human trafficking & modern slavery is the first step to lớn stopping these crimes

Spot the Signs

Your donations are vital to lớn enabling us lớn combat human trafficking. Together we"ll stop it.

Donate today

Get the STOP APP

The first of its kind in combining; community empowerment, big data management and anti-trafficking expertise to lớn disrupt, combat and prevent the global issues of human trafficking, modern slavery và exploitation.